College Pressures By William Zinsser - 1346 Words

Students Facing Obstacle During College Life During the college life students have to deal with different types of obstacles. In the article, â€Å"College Pressures† William Zinsser focuses on the pressure faced by the college students. He talks about how the students are dealing with economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. College students are worried about getting high paid jobs and being rich instead of relaxing and enjoying now. Zinsser claims that students are worried about their future by using pathos. According to Zinsser, one of the pressure students has to face in the college is economical. Pathos have been used by the author to make the reader feel that how students are dealing with economic problems. Student with scholarship are very safe and doesn’t have to worry about an economic problem. Zinsser states â€Å"I tell them to relax. They can’t.† Zinsser is trying to convince students not take the pressure, but he/she won’t be able to relax because college demands too much of money. Just to pay for the college, students have to work during the weekends or whenever there is a free time. Zinsser supports his stamen by proclaiming â€Å"Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now comes to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60% of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainderShow MoreRelat edCollege Pressures By William Zinsser939 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å" College Pressures,† William Zinsser discusses four types of pressures college students go through. Even though he wrote this in 1978, college students today still experience all four of the pressures. The four pressures Zinsser discusses are economic, parental, peer, and self-induced. Today’s college students are becoming more and more disconnected with their passions and are being thrown into the world of practicality. College should be a place of experimentation and discovery, but insteadRead MoreCollege Pressures By William Zinsser1221 Words   |  5 Pages Numerous college students today feel like they are not adequate enough. So much is put on their plate, and above it all, in order to keep moving forward academically towards a career, they must prove themselves. This idea is explored in â€Å"College Pressures† by William Zinsser. He talks about why students are driven to try so vigorously in order to earn a step ahead, but the reasoning is arguable. One of the main struggles among college students today is that they are required to compete againstRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Students1280 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the 2015 National College Health Assessment, over 85% of college students have felt stressed or overwhelmed in the last year. As an undergraduate, I am fully aware of the pressure we, as students, feel. We are a machines, constantly trying to balance studying, our classes, working, having a social life, and preparing for our future. And we are still expected to get eight hours of sleep every night? I know first hand how this feels. I wake up early every morning, go to class, spend countlessRead MoreCollege Pressures And Eric Greiten s The Heart And The Fist974 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, there is a stigma that one needs a college education to be successful. Due to these overwhelming societal pressures, college students encounter numerous challenges. Two authors who explore these ch allenges are William Zinsser in his article â€Å"College Pressures† and Eric Greiten in his book â€Å"The Heart and the Fist†. Both Zinsser and Greitens consider the everyday struggles that college students face. While discussing the same topics, the authors use different writing styles andRead MoreFlaws Of The Education System917 Words   |  4 Pages Flaws in our Education Brent Staples wrote Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A’s† to show the flaws in the education system with teachers giving unfair grades to students. Similarly, William Zinsser wrote â€Å"College Pressures† to show how colleges are putting unnecessary stress on their students. While it is important to draw attention to these problems, it is also necessary to find solutions as well. Bringing the issues to the public knowledge is only the first step in correctingRead MoreCollege Pressures Affect Our Lives1212 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Pressures College pressures dominate our lives. They begin to levitate around us and slowly derail our lives. William Zinsser elaborates about the college pressures that modern generations are facing. He reveals multiple commonalities that the typical college student encounters on a daily basis. Zinsser states, â€Å"They want a map-right now-that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, social security, and presumably, a prepaid grave† (12). He is spot on, the pressuresRead MoreTaking A Lot Out Of College Students969 Words   |  4 PagesHaving pressures in today’s world is not an uncommon occurrence that can take a lot out of college students. These things continue to affect students in this day and world of today because of how common and easy it is to happen such as wanting to achieve a higher GPA, make our parents proud, and trying to make the payments needed. There are many different scenarios in which they can feel burdened by things happening related to their education but they all fall into one of the four categories beginningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Narrative The Twelve By Sandra Cisneros863 Words   |  4 PagesIn the duration of this English class we have read multiple essays. The essays include a short story, â€Å"Eleven† by Sandra Cisneros whose main idea that there is not a correlation between age and emotional evolution. â€Å"College Pressures† by William Zinsser argues that college students are under excessive stress to plan their future and succeed. The narrative, â€Å"Mother Tongue†, by Amy Tan focuses on the variants in the universal English dialect which is based on one’s background. â€Å"Indian Education† byRead MoreEssay on Is College Worth our Time and Effort?874 Words   |  4 Pagesearned a college degree to get their high-level job that requires years of learning and preparation to acquire, such as a doctor or a programmer. With colleges, students have a mean s of landing that dream job of theirs or maybe discover that they had a passion for a different kind of career instead. Although, many students have to endure years of stress and pressure in college before they can get their degree or figure out what they want to do for a living. In William Zinsser’s essay, â€Å"College PressuresRead MoreEssay on Stress in College: What Causes it and How to Combat it2513 Words   |  11 Pages Many first year college students face problems as they enter a new educational environment that is very different than that of high school. However, the common problem is that many first year students become stressed. For many students, college is supposed to be the most fun time of their life; however, their fun can be restricted if it is limited by stress and other mental illnesses. According to the National Health Ministries (2006), stress is caused by â€Å"greater academic demands

Gender Stereotypes The Way Men And Women Act - 1368 Words

Through the media, American culture stigmatizes the way men and women act by portraying masculine men as only capable of being tough, unemotional, and protective; likewise, femininity envelopes nurturing, submissive, and unobtrusive characteristics. Though these stereotypes are different, the generalizations inflict the same social limitations towards men and women in personal freedom in employability and behavior. Modern American stereotypes stem from the beliefs of older generations, which define the socially acceptable standards of conduct of men and women. Despite recent movement towards more progressive beliefs in society, gender stereotypes remain stubbornly ingrained within the American culture. Gender stereotypes often show how older generations lived and reflect the more restrictive social environment of the past, which affect today’s conceptualizations of men and women. During the Industrial Revolution, the â€Å"Doctrine of Two Spheres† was a belief that explained the divergence of men and women’s interests as more men left home to earn income for their families and more women stayed at home to take care of the children, thus marking the beginning of gender roles and stereotypes for both sexes in America (Brannon). Growing industrialization pressured men to seek employment in order to provide for their families, a task that grew increasingly difficult to achieve and started to endanger their masculinities, and forced women to adapt to the home environment.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Gender Based Stereotype in the Media1723 Words   |  7 Pageswhen the media insinuate the wrong and negative messages, consequently leading to unwarranted stereotypes. Particularly, the media can lead to gender based stereotypes when to communicate the wrong type of messages (Wood 31). On the contrary, there are certain scholars who believe the media is a mirror of the society. It is not directly responsible for any stereotypes but rather highlight the stereotypes existing in the society (Tozer, Gallegos, Henry, Greiner 444). While this to some extend isRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Through many generations women were not treated equally as men. Women have fought their way to have gender equality but it has been slowly progressing. More women are starting to have high ranked jobs, more have been going into the workforce and don’t have to stay home all day long to take care of the kids. There are many differences between the gender roles (how women and men act or how they should be) when it comes to certain things. Like if you tell a girl, she hits like a boy or tellRead MoreBiological Sex And Gender Roles1073 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent from gender because there is assigned gender which is given to a child at birth and gender identity which is â€Å"a person’s internal sense of being male or female† (127). Additionally, there are gender roles which differ by culture and it presents how a person should behavior, the responsibilities a person should have, and their rights based on their sex. Cultural differences can be seen when comparing Arapesh of New Guinea and the Mundugumor. Arapesh men and women both have feminine gender roles,Read MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1535 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday you hear women and men being compared in life. A majority of the time it is in a form of men being more superior than women rather it s stereotypes, appearances, or money; Men usually end up more dominant. Society tends to assume that men are more capable than women in all aspects throughout life. These postulations have commenced before we were even born. Men are expected to constantly be working and providing the home for the women and children; Women are assumed to be cleaning, cookingRead MoreGender Roles Are The Way People Act851 Words   |  4 Pages Gender in â€Å"Baby Daddy† TV show, Essay â€Å"Gender roles are the way people act, what they do and say, to express being a girl or a boy, a woman or a man. These characteristics are shaped by society,† (Gender Roles) These roles constitute the standards of the society and they are transmitted from one generation to another by education. Children learn these standards since their birth. Parents teach them how to act, to say and to behave according to their sex. Also, children learn the gender roles fromRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1662 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Roles â€Å"Gender is the costume, a mask, a straightjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance† (Kearl). Throughout history, women have been treated with unequal and unjust standards in comparison to their male counterparts. This paper will discuss gender roles in society and the stereotypes placed on men and women. As well as gender role development and the different influences that lead to these roles and stereotypes. Also, it will outline the history and progress of women’sRead MoreMedia, Youth And Culture : Application Of Theory1664 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Discuss the ways in which gender identities are constructed and expressed through media and popular cultures? This essay will address the way in which gender identities are constructed and expressed through media and popular cultures using Hebdige’s theory; Symbolic Interaction. Both gender identities will test the typical affiliated gender stereotype; which are created by social interactions – what a person sees and interprets in their world is what they believe and act accordingly to. TheRead MoreGender and Negotiation 1073 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction-(1 page) Does gender influence how we negotiate, and how well we do? Does being a male or female affect our performance in a negotiation? Common logic tells us the answer is yes. Research concurs. Men and women differ in the way they view negotiations, the way they conduct negotiations, and even the outcome of negotiations. Being one gender puts us at an advantage to negotiate over being another gender. With the current style of negotiation, in the real world, men fare better in negotiationsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Toy Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing one of the most popular, if not most popular, animated movies of all-time, Toy Story offers a limited perspective when it comes to gender because of manhood acts, homosociality, and stereotypes. The manhood acts in the film suppress women at the same time as they support the hegemonic masculinity, which is the masculinity that actively attempts to suppress women and inferior masculinities (Bird pg. 129). When the male characters in the m ovie do this, it approves of this negative behavior that limitsRead MoreThe Representation Of The Male Image936 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounding masculine values. Men are supposed to embody masculine archetypes and if they do not follow, what is considered to be, societal values, they are seen as less than a man. This image of how men are supposed to behave has been constructed by cultural values, which in turn influences societal values. Thus, the male gender stereotype has been circulated throughout media as showing how men are supposed to be and are looked down upon as feminine if they lack one of these stereotypes. According to cultural

Factors Affecting the Loan Repayment of Rice Farmers in Ragay Free Essays

As being observed in the Philippine situation the common problem and also not a new issue in agriculture sector is the low productivity and low income of farmers which can be attributed to their lack of capital. Many farmers have no enough savings or cash on hand to purchase new inputs including machineries, chemicals, pesticides and high yielding varieties of seeds which will help them to improve their earnings because these inputs are usually expensive. As an answer to this dilemma they rely on credit and the proliferation of different credit institutions is a great help to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting the Loan Repayment of Rice Farmers in Ragay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The credit need of the farmers were being experienced especially those who are engage in rice production because it needs a large amount of money for investment. These credit needs of the rice farmers were being provided by the two types of institutions namely the formal and informal lending institutions. The formal sources of credit include the banking and non-banking institutions. The mere examples of it are the rural bank, commercial bank, and cooperatives (Duran 2001) while the informal sources are the private moneylenders, relatives, friends, traders and millers. With the availability of the credit institutions in rural areas, it allows the farmers to maintain and sustain their productivity since income in this country is generally low (Cacho, 1995). Credit can be defined as a means of entrusting and believing from and since trust is an important ingredient in providing it, the lenders rely on a promise of the borrower to pay in the future (Guevarra, 1995). But it is a problem encountered by these formal and informal lending institutions that the farmer-borrowers were not able to pay their obligation at the expected time. Statement of the Problem With a total farm area of more or less 23,036 hectares almost 2,182 hectares in Ragay, Camarines Sur is being planted with rice and the need for credit can be observed in its production. It is therefore important that the credit institutions proliferate in this area to help and assist the rice farmers. The government intervenes through the promotion and development of the organization that will provide agricultural loan so as to improve the income of rice farmers, which include the development of the rural bank and cooperatives in the area. Together with the expansion of the formal institutions the informal lenders also expand and gave a significant role in alleviating the lack of capital by the rice farmers. With this expansion of credit sources the problem, which cannot be avoided by these institutions is the high percentage of loan delinquency by the borrowers. Though the high collection performance or high repayment rate would not necessarily mean the ultimate measure of successful operation of the institutions, a low repayment rate adversely affects the operation and stability of the different lending agencies. Also through loan default, credit institutions in Ragay were not able to improve and expand their services and sometimes lead to failure in providing efficient services. Significance of the Study Lack of capital or inadequate fund of the rice farmers in Ragay, Camarines Sur hinders their increase in production and income. They are not able to purchase production inputs and adopt new technologies to produce more output for sale and a credit as a source of capital is a big help to them but repayment of their loan is a pressing problem to the lending institutions in this area. This study will focus in increasing the repayment rate or increasing the non-repayment if not totally eliminating it to help the lending institutions in improving their services for the rice farmers. This study will also provide data that will help them to improve their loan collection and supervision for their sustainability though improving strict rules and regulation regarding borrowing. For the farmer borrowers, this study will help them to realize the factor which affect their repayment so as they will able to look for ways that will minimize their low or no-repayment of loans. It will also help them to understand that certain factor/factors of repayment decrease their capability of repaying the loan and therefore there is a need for them to do something to minimize those factors, which can be controlled. Objectives of the Study The general objective of the study is to analyze the factors affecting the loan repayment of rice farmers in Ragay, Camarines Sur. The specific objectives are the following: 1. o identify the common credit sources of rice farmers in Ragay, Camarines Sur; 2. to identify the factors affecting the rice farmers’ choice of credit source; 3. to determine the loan purpose of the rice farmer-borrowers; 4. to determine the relationship of the factors affecting the repayment performance of the rice farmer borrowers; 5. to determine the problems encountered by rice farmers in loan repayment; and 6. to compare the repayment performance of rice farmers by source of credit. How to cite Factors Affecting the Loan Repayment of Rice Farmers in Ragay, Papers

Court observations free essay sample

For my court observation, I took a visit to the Los Angeles Consolidated Superior Court on 300 E. Walnut Street in Pasadena, California. The hearing I sat through was for a criminal matter that involved the judge, the government prosecutor, the defendant, the court clerk, the court reporter and the court interpreter. The court interpreter was needed because the defendant, an aged male, spoke Cantonese. The hearing lasted about forty-five minutes, that began with the judge informing and making sure the defendant clearly understood the felony allegations. The defendant was accused and charged with 2 accounts of attempted murder and criminal threat. Therefore, if he is convicted by the jury and found guilty, he will be sentenced to serve 19 years and 8 months in state prison. Though, throughout the hearing the judge was having difficulty making points or clarifying certain issues with the defendant. Many times the judge would ask him questions or make statements about the proceedings, but he would respond by saying that he is not guilty. We will write a custom essay sample on Court observations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, at one moment he brought up an issue about his incident trying to prove his innocence but the judge quickly stated that it is not the appropriate time to talk about the facts of the case and anything he says in the courtroom could be held against him during the trial. Once the judge made sure the defendant understood the allegations against him, he was next advised of the right to obtain an attorney. Though, the defendant told the judge that he wishes to represent himself and not be represented by an attorney. The judge then began to notify him of the consequences of representing oneself and how foolish it may be due to the seriousness of the case. Also, the judge made it clear to the defendant, that by representing himself he must understand the rules and information that apply to this type of case because the government prosecutor is well informed. Therefore, it is not the judge’s responsibility to step in and help him understand what is going on. Also, that it is not a wise decision for him to give up an attorney that will help and inform him on defending his innocence in this particular case. The judge advised him that if he is found guilty, he does not have the ability to say that the person representing him was not effective enough since he wishes to represent himself. Though, the government prosecutor told the judge that it will not  be appropriate if later on in the process, near the date of the trial, for the defendant deciding to obtain an attorney. The judge responded by saying the court will determine the time table for the defendant’s decision on whether or not he will be represented by an attorney. Next the judge told the defendant, since he is in custody and wishes to represent himself he is limited in obtaining witnesses and resources to investigate the case. After all the information given by the judge, the defendant still wished to represent himself. The judge concluded the hearing by establishing the conditions of his release, stating that he is unable to be released on bail and must remain in custody for the safety of the public. Therefore, they would resume again in two days to conclude the hearing and determine the date for trial. My court experience was very fascinating and interesting because it was my first time going to a courthouse. The atmosphere of the courthouse was immensely tense because the people in there have issues that are affecting their everyday lives. For instance, I entered the courtroom that deals with civil matters and I could notice the nervousness and anxiousness on the faces of people as they wait for their case. Outside the courtroom is dreadful as well because many of the parties are discussing and reviewing with their attorneys with a sense of tension. Though, it was also breath taking when the court sheriff brought in the defendant in handcuffs and when the judge stated that he is charged with attempted murder, considering Ive never heard those words or been in that atmosphere besides seeing it on the news or movies. The court observation was amusing because it gives you a different perception in person on the court proceedings rather than just going over them from the book. I also realized how important the court clerk is because they provide a great amount information for the judge. Through, this experience I learned how much preparation goes into the process and how grueling it can be for all parties, especially once trial begins. I enjoyed the experience for the reason that I learned many aspects about the court proceedings and had the opportunity to be in that atmosphere.

Benedict Arnold Essays (1106 words) - Benedict Arnold, John Andr

Benedict Arnold No other American is remembered quite the same as Benedict Arnold. He was a brave soldier, a patriot- and a traitor. Benedict was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. When he was 14 years old, Benedict ran away from home to fight in the French and Indian War, but he was brought back by his mother, who apparently was driven insane later in her life. If I had a son like Benedict, I might have gone insane too! After his mother insisted that he return home, he ran away for a second time. After he was finished playing boy hero for awhile, he learned the apothecary (pharmacy) trade and then in 1762, he opened a book and drug store in New Haven. Benedict was also involved with trade in the West Indies. By 1774, he was one of the wealthiest citizens in New Haven. It's a good thing that he had money, because he was one of those people who like to ride around in their Mercedes and wear expensive clothes, even if he couldn't afford them. Benedict then got hooked up with the sheriff's daughter Margaret Mansfield, and they hit it off. They decided to get married in 1774. But this marriage was short lived because the next year Margaret caught a disease and died. When the Revolutionary War began that year Arnold was already an experienced soldier. He had helped Ethan Allen capture Fort Ticonderoga. Then Benedict came up with a great idea to capture Quebec. This idea failed, but Benedict had already proven his bravery. He was then commissioned as a colonel in the patriot forces. He was one of General George Washington's most trusted officers. Benedict led his troops to the siege of Boston and Valcour Island and proved once again to be a bold and skilled officer. At the battle of Valcour Island he was wounded severely in his leg. His bravery won him the respect of many people. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. Arnold felt that his services were not properly rewarded. In 1777, Congress promoted five officers, who were junior to Benedict, to major general. Only a personal plea from General George Washington kept him from resigning. He did receive a delayed promotion to major general, but he was still angered that he was not promoted to a rank above the junior officers promoted earlier. Then to top things off, a fellow officer charged Arnold with misconduct, but Congress found the charges groundless and dismissed them. In late 1777, Benedict fought at Saratoga. Before the final battle Arnold quarreled with his superior, General Horatio Gates, and was relieved of his command. Despite his relief of command, Benedict led his troops into battle. He charged from place to place, rallying Americans and was again wounded in the leg. He received much of the credit for this American victory. In 1778 Benedict married Peggy Shippen, the daughter of a wealthy Loyalist when he was assigned to military commander of Philadelphia. Life in Philadelphia was pleasant but very costly. Before he knew it, Arnold was deeply in debt. In 1779 he was charged with using his position for personal profit and charged with using the soldiers in his command as personal servants. A court martial cleared him of most of the charges, but had General Washington reprimand him. Washington issued the reprimand, but softened it with the promise of a high promotion in the future. But Arnold had already sold his services to the British. Since May of 1779 he had been supplying them with valuable military information. He did this because he was still upset with the Continental Congress for not giving him the promotions that he thought he deserved. He was also very desperate for money because of his extravagant lifestyle. In 1780 Benedict was given command of the fort at West Point in New York. He decided that he would give this strategic post to the British. In return he was to be made brigadier general in the British Army. He was also promised money. On September 21, Benedict met with Major John Andre of the British army to discuss and arrange the details. Two days later, Andre was captured when he attempted to return to the British lines. Some American soldiers stopped and searched him and found incriminating papers hidden in his stockings and the plot was revealed. Andre was executed as a spy. Arnold learned this news in time for him to escape. He fled to a British ship that took

Darwins Theory of Evolution essays

Darwin's Theory of Evolution essays In 1838, Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution. Darwin tried to prove his theory that man was the center of the world and not God. He believed that evolution was gradual on both humans and on organisms. Darwin believed in something called natural selection; meaning genes are to be passed on from one generation to the next. Darwin's view on natural selection states that organisms tend to survive and reproduce as a function of their ability to adapt to the environment with less adaptable kinds of organisms diminishing. This eventually leads to extinction. Darwin's idea of evolution contradicted the book of Genesis. He believed that humans and other species evolve from something that has always been, or by accident. Christians, as well as myself, firmly believe that God created all things on purpose so that in return we might give Him all the glory. This raised a specter of a purely materialistic cosmos, which was disturbing to the society as well as the Victorians. Though many people could reconcile the fact of evolution with their religious beliefs, many were faith shaken. It was said that Darwin wasn't an atheist, he was more described as an agnostic, meaning he renounced belief in some kind of personal God. A traveling Evangelist named Lady Hope stated that on Darwin's deathbed, he renounced evolution and declared Christianity. No one will ever know if these accusations were true because Darwin died on April 19, 1882, at the age of 73. In 1838, Charles Darwin, after 20 years, put together his evolutionary theory. Why did Darwin take 20 years to develop this theory? Why are there so many missing links with Darwin's Theory of Evolution? Darwin was almost entirely self-taught in all his fields, so how good of a scientist was he? It is said that Darwin borrowed almost all of his material and research from other writers, and claimed it as his own. We have to ask ourselves is this really Darwin's Theory or did it originat...

Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Motivation Essay

Usefulness of Cognitive Theories of Motivation - Essay Example Observations made by economists indicate that entrepreneurial activities are deemed to be supreme sources of technological innovations hence it is important to understand the influence of regional culture on entrepreneurship activities. Recent surveys on entrepreneurship reveal that Wales has been doing quite well. This success is associated with regional focus on entrepreneurship behavior and development (Aldrich, 2000). Theories - These are set of statements devised to elaborate a phenomenon which has been reviewed more than once. The phenomena should be one that has been universally accepted and can be used to predict occurrence of natural phenomena. According to Aldrich (2000), success of entrepreneurs depends on their willingness to become what they want. In the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities, individual willingness is essential during decision-making upon discovery of these opportunities. This aspect matters a great deal when an individual is pursuing resources and wh en designing mechanisms to be used in exploiting the discovered opportunities. Human motivations should accompany willingness for the entrepreneurial activities to be effected. Cognitive theories of motivation are very useful during decision making and it influences the way one undertakes the enterprising process. They affect locus of control i.e. individuals’ beliefs that their actions affect the outcomes (Aldrich, 2000). These theories help individuals to explore entrepreneurial related phenomena.

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Union Law - Essay Example On concern is the manner at which the individuals are identified for their tasks and the level of professionalism upon which they execute these missions. Evaluation and Analysis Upon placing the whole idea under the international sporting arena, a series of issues raise for the concern. Such issues are developed along the regions of concern, such as the accountability crisis, the aspects of infringe of the international human rights, and the suitability of the firms. Such concerns are further magnified when the provisions of the charter for fundamental rights are considered. However, the development in the international sporting arena across various states of Europe has lead to the invoke of this model of security. A paramount concern towards the adoption of this measure is the violent based riots that broke out in the autumn of 2010 across various sporting destinations in Europe. The event indicated the existence of a major loophole on the ability of the private military and securit y companies in providing security in this model of assignments (Reg A6-0471/2006). Various issues of concern were developed while considering this option. Amongst them is the efficiency of the responsible firms in addressing such crisis. Also considered was the policy that sees the involvement of the police when the crisis gets out of control. However, the first issue still remains much prominent in the whole debate. Subsequently, the other side effects that may be associated to the deployment of these private security firms are also eminent (Zarate 1998). The enactment of the legislation that foresees the deployment of the Private Military and Security Companies in offering security services in international sporting arena, across member states of the European Union, has series of loopholes for consideration (Krahmann 2005). Amongst them is the concern over the training of the staff involved in the execution of the security measures. Reading from the findings of the report on autum n of 2010 riots, the manner in which the Private Military and Security Companies entrusted with security handled the matter leaves much to be desired. This is with regards to the numerous concerns on the violation of the international human rights as well as the provision of the charter of fundamental rights. Illegal detentions, as well as the utilization of uncouth tactics in the interrogation of the suspects were highly highlighted (Avant, 2005, p56) On this regard, it is vital to analyze the wave of mandate accredited to the Private Military and Security Companies. Chief focus is laid against issues such as the detention and he interrogation of the suspects. Focusing on the policy in exercise, the key objectives are nested on the containing of the violence, apparently referred to as hooliganism. This is achieved via the evaluation of the weakness in the current system and establishing methodologies of sealing the loopholes. However, the process deployed by the legislation from th e European Union seems to undermine the imperial threat that lead to the crisis in the initial consideration. This reflects on the capability and the potential of the private military and security companies in addressing security crisis of the magnitude experienced in 2010. In effort to address such loopholes, the proposed act seeks to establish a mutual co-relationship between the law enforcement

UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly - Essay Example The entire functioning in the supermarket is looked after by the Commission. Although the commission tries to disrupt the impacts of oligopoly, there is evidence that there is prevalence of oligopoly in the UK supermarket sector. This is because the supermarket sector in the UK is predominantly operated by a few firms, i.e. Tesco, Sainsbury’s and ASDA. The rapidity of the deliberation with regards to oligopolies concern has gained acceleration during the past five years. The supermarket sector in the UK falls under the category of grocery market that had accounted for a total market share worth  £146.3 billion in the year 2008. Supermarket sector is the largest sector among all other sectors under the grocery market in the UK and it accounted for a total of 73 percent of the sales in grocery market. In the UK grocery market, the three biggest chains are Tesco, ASDA and Sainsbury’s that accounted for a share of 67.9 percent (Li, 2008). In this research paper, the UK supermarket sector will be analysed with reference to the performance of the three giants in the market. The belief that the supermarket in the UK is dominated by oligopoly will be critically evaluated in this research paper. ... The most important characteristics of an oligopoly market are existence of a few firms, high barriers to entry or stiff competition and earning of high or above-normal profit. 2.1 Firms in the UK Supermarket It has already been mentioned earlier that the UK supermarket’s four biggest chains are the Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons. The share of these chains in total accounts to 67.9% of the grocery market. This data explains that more than half of the market share belongs to these chains and thus resembles the scenario of an oligopoly market. The data about the operational efficiencies of the three topmost chains will support the fact that the UK supermarket sector is an oligopoly. 2.1.1 Market Share and Performance of Tesco in the UK Market Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world and is the topmost in the UK; and at present it is observing a steady recovery in the consumer market segment in the UK. The expectation is supported by the sales figure during the period September-November, 2010. The market share of Tesco had grown up to 30.7 percent during the year 2010. According to the article published in Bloomberg Business week, the sales that boosted up during the period of Christmas last year had been initiated by the shift in the preference of consumers to products with better quality. The performance of Tesco in the UK market provides evidences of dominance in the supermarket sector (Shannon, 2010). 2.1.2 Market Share and Performance of ASDA in the UK Market ASDA, with a market share of 16.8 percent is the second largest operator in the UK supermarket sector. Although its performance level declined as it faced competition from its rival

Iraq War: Aftermath of US Withdrawal

Iraq War: Aftermath of US Withdrawal IRAQI SPAT HOOD IN POST AGGRESSION ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The ancient civilization Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq (Al Jumhuriyah-Al-Iraqia in Arabic), is a country in south-western Asia. This great civilization had been humiliated and devastated by the invasion of many, and recently the United States-led coalition forces. The Second Gulf War popularly known as â€Å"The Iraq War† took place from 20 March to 08 April 2003. The war itself may be regarded as a sequel to the First Gulf War fought in 1991. Americans named the war â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom, (OIF)†. Military action led by the United States against the regime of Saddam Hussein, the authoritarian leader of Iraq. Announcing the beginning of the war, United States President George W Bush explained that the goals were to â€Å"Disarm Iraq to free its people.† Though President Bush declared on 01 May 2003 that the major combat operations in Iraq had been over, yet many would argue that the war in Iraq has not ended. It is more evident when the coalition f orces are engaged in fierce guerrillas who all are effectively applying the hit and run tactics and casualties on United States soldiers are on the rise. The Coalition Forces (CF) invaded Iraq in total defiance of international opinion. There had been a wide-ranging scepticism about the United States’s case for initiating this war. The coalition gained a military victory against a nation that had been suffering due to United Nation’s imposed sanctions for the last 12 years. The military outcome in Iraq War was never in doubt, yet any success seems widely premature for several reasons. Even in Iraq it is not at all clear at this point whether the sequel to warfare will be a smooth transition to a peaceful and democratic Iraq or a descent into civil war. This invention led to many desired and undesired outcomes. It is certain that the war in Iraq and the post-war situation have  wide ranging effects on the country’s future. After the national election, now it is the probable time for United States forces to withdraw. But still the Iraqi Army, National Guard and Police could not act very effectively. After the election now situation of Iraq has got a new dimension. Political and military events though are inseparable in war; this paper will highlight the pre war Iraq, future prospects and possibilities of Iraq after the departure of collation force. AIM The aim of this paper is to analyze the pre war situation of Iraq and the likely future conditions after withdrawal of United States forces. AN ACCOUNT OF PRE WAR IRAQ Social About 75 percent of the population of Iraq is Arab. Kurds, dwelling in the highlands of northern Iraq, constitute 15 to 20 percent of the population. Smaller groups include Turkmen’s, Jews, Armenians, and Assyrians. Arabic is the official language of Iraq and is spoken by the majority of the population. The Kurds speak Kurdish. Armenian and Assyrian are spoken in rural areas in the north and west. Iraq is a pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Muslims make up 96 percent of Iraq’s population. About 60 to 65 percent of the Muslims adhere to the Shia branch, and the rest adhere to the Sunni branch. The Shias live mostly in central and southern Iraq, and the Sunnis live principally in the north. Most of the Kurds are Sunnis. Several of the holy cities of the Shias, notably An Najaf and KarbalÄ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, are situated in Iraq. Economic The modern Iraqi economy has been largely based on petroleum. Most of the few large manufacturing industries have to do with oil. During Hussein’s rule the Iraqi economy was adversely affected by four major factors: the war with Iran during the 1980s, an international oil glut in the 1980s and 1990s, the economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations (UN) after the invasion of Kuwait in 1990, and the Persian Gulf War in 1991. The combined effect of all these factors was the destruction of Iraq’s basic infrastructure (roads, bridges, power grids, and the like) and the country’s financial bankruptcy. The UN sanctions created widespread unemployment, skyrocketing inflation, and severe shortages of previously imported commodities, including medicine, medical equipment, animal vaccines, farm machinery, electricity-generating equipment, and water purification supplies. As a result of these shortages and the damage done to water and sewage treatment systems during the war, the incidence of disease and malnutrition rose sharply. Political The leading political organization in Iraq under Saddam Hussein was the Arab Baath Socialist Party, which bases its policies on pan-Arab and socialist principles. Other political groups include the Iraqi Communist Party (ICP), the KurdistÄ n Democratic Party (KDP), The United Iraqi Alliance, the Patriotic Union of KurdistÄ n (PUK), and a few other Kurdish parties. The two most important Shia opposition parties are the Da‘wa Islamic Party and the Supreme Assembly of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SAIRI). Until Hussein’s overthrow, all these opposition parties were illegal outside the Kurdish autonomous region. Following the US invasion, another political group, the Iraqi National Congress led by Ahmad Chalabi, emerged as an important political force. The Baath Party remained a legal  and open party. However, the US administrator for Iraq banned some high-level Baath Party members from employment in the public sector. STRATEGY OF UNITED STATES AND COALITION AGGRESSION By early March 2003 it became clear that the administration of US president George W Bush was intent on military action against Iraq. The Bush administration asserted that Iraq possessed chemical weapons, had accelerated its program to make biological weapons, and was actively seeking materials to make nuclear weapons. The US administration feared that Hussein could provide weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups for use against the United States. In subsequent speeches and reports President Bush and his administration made the case for preemptive military action to avoid such a potential threat. â€Å"If we wait for threats to fully materialize, we will have waited too long,† President Bush said in June 2002. To make the case for military action against Iraq in his January 2002 State of the Union speech in which he identified Iraq as a member of an â€Å"axis of evil† threatening global security.In his January 2003 State of the Union address, President Bush cited reports that Hussein had attempted to buy â€Å"significant quantities of uranium from Africa† as well as special aluminum tubes in order to produce nuclear weapons. Bush administration officials also asserted that the establishment of a new, democratic government in Iraq could pave the way for peace in the Middle East and the spread of democracy among Arab nations. The war began on 20 March. The invasion of Iraq, dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the White House, was led by General Tommy Franks, then head of the US Central Command. The coalition force consisted of a U.S.  force that initially numbered about 200,000 personnel (eventually expanding  to 290,000), as well as about 50,000 British personnel, about 2,000 Australian troops, and about 200 Polish soldiers.The U.S. military made much greater use of precise, high-tech weaponry than in the Persian Gulf  War. In 2003 coalition force used satellite-guided bombs and advanced drones (unmanned aerial vehicles) for reconnaissance. In early April the US force, its supply lines secured, moved in on Baghdad. On 4 April 2003 Army forces seized Saddam International Airport, west of the city, and renamed it Baghdad International Airport. On 5 April a battalion from the 2nd Brigade of the 3rd Infantry Division drove through Baghdad in a raid. More than 1,000 Iraqis were reported killed during the operation, according to a US estimate. On 7 April 2003 the 2nd Brigade attacked into central Baghdad. The same day, US B-1 bombers dropped four 900-kg (2,000-lb) bombs on a building in western Baghdad where Hussein was believed to be hiding. Nevertheless, Hussein’s grip on power was gone. US Marines arrived in Baghdad on 9 April 2003 and helped Iraqi civilians tear down a massive statue of Saddam Hussein that towered over a major city square. Within a few days Marines captured Tikrit, a city north of Baghdad and Hussein’s ancestral home, with little struggle. President Bush declared an end to combat operations on 1 May 2003. Nevertheless, the guerrilla war against the coalition occupation continued till today. IRAQI RESISTANCE WAR Insurgents have killed at least 29 US and six British military personnel since the US President, George Bush, declared an End to combat operations in Iraq on May 1. The violence has been concentrated in Baghdad and the so-called Sunni triangle west and north of the capital, an area inhabited mainly by Saddam Husseins fellow Sunni Arabs, a minority in Iraq. Attacks under cover of crowds are less risky for the assailant. The  only defence against them is maintaining strict separation between coalition troops and the civilian population apparently one of the insurgents aims. The Iraqi resistance to US occupation is growing, as is its support among ordinary Iraqis. Iraqs interim government recently admitted that the insurgency involves at least 40,000 hardcore fighters and up to 200,000 active sympathizersa far cry from the isolated 5,000 Baathist remnants and foreign fighters the Pentagon initially claimed to be fighting. They are effectively using the hit and run tactics on the coalition force. GENERAL ELECTIONS At the beginning of 2005 after 50 years, 30 January 2005 general election took place. In this election Shia supported United Iraqi Alliances earn the majority and form the first democratic government. The Kurdish Leader Jalal Talebani elected as President and Shia leader Ibrahim Al Jaffrai nominated as Prime minister. After that the government fails to ensure the national unity. Ruther government ignites the conflict. In the proposed constitution government neglect the interest of Sunni Muslim. After a long debate 28 August 2005 government signed the draft constitution and arranges the general election on this constitution. In that election within the 18 provinces government won in 15 provinces and lost in resttree. With this result the Sunni could not change the constriction. The Shia –Sunni conflict increase in this volatile situation. International Opinions. US and British officials repeatedly warned Iraq’s political parties that in a democratic election there are winner and looser. Same time they hope that Iraqi leader set up a coalition government  to help the undermine Sunni support for the insurgency. Now to bring them in the same platform the government have to keep the interest of the Sunni. INTERNAL SITUATION Political Presently in Iraq Shia and Sunni conflict turn into a worst situation. At 21 February 2006 there was a big boom explosion in Shia mosque AL Aksari in Samara city. It starts the riot in Bagdad. In whole country at least 90 Sunni mosques was attacked by Sunnis. After this incident there is a possibility of civil war. The main political party of Sunni complains that at least 50 mosques in Bagdad city were attacked by Shia. Iraqi president Jalal Talebani asks all to face the situation together and stop the risk of civil war. A month after the general election, political parties are still waiting for results and are jockeying for position ahead of the start of serious bargaining on the make up of the country’s first full time government since the fall of Saddam Hussein. Initial indications showed that Iraq’s Shiite(A branch of Shia Muslim) majority come out on top in the 15 December’s vote but final results dew in the coming days, have been delayed by a probe into com plaints by Sunni backed and secular party of ballot rigging. Recently the Iraqi parties started negotiation on a national unity government after rebels launched concentred attack in western Iraq to coincide with the release of election result. The election were marked by voting along ethnic and sectarian lines with the shia religious based United Iraqi Alliance, which includes prime minister Ibrahim Jaafari’s DawaParty and Abdul Aziz Hakim’s Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, winning 128 of parliament’s 275 states. Economic Following the US Iraq War of 2003, the US spent billions of dollars to revive Iraq’s oil industry. By March 2004 Iraq was producing about 2.5 million barrels of oil per day, nearly as much as it produced prior to the 2003 war. The US expenditures were also aimed at restoring and upgrading Iraq’s oil fields and refineries. Much of the work was contracted to U.S. and  other foreign oil companies, under the supervision of the US civil administrator. Social After the aggression of coalition force now Iraqi’s are facing the hard strike of poverty. A resent study by the United Nation Development Programme and international Monetary Fund shows that 20 percent of the population has followen below the international poverty line of one dollar par day par person. The member of the families registering for assistance  with the labor and social affairs ministry has more then tripled since the war to 171000 and even that according to the ministry â€Å"Drop in the ocean†. FUTURE TRENDS After the withdrawal of coalition force, the first to suffer will be the people of Iraq. Due to the Shia –Sunni conflict general mass will face human suffering. Each and every day the list of casualty getting longer and longer. Various terrorist / insurgence group are still active. Police force or security force is not well organized. After withdrawal of US forces the law and order situation will be in a feeble condition. Insurgency, political revenge and arms conflict between various political or religious groups will  increase. Police force or security force require time to organize, equipped and trained them. In this process various political parties came up and participated in general election. Rashid Khalidi, director of the Middle East Institute at  Columbia University said just before the election â€Å"They will have a Shia-dominated, Islamic-oriented government in Iraq. Now situation is not balance. Shia dominated party gets the clear majority in the election, could not make the situation stable. Conflict of Shia and Sunni heading towards a civil war. There may be situation the whole country will divided as per their ethics. Recently they started attacked on there religious centers. Standing on this crisis situation Iraqi president Jalal Talebani asks all to face the situation together and stop the risk of civil war. Recently the Iraqi political parties started negotiation on a national unity government after rebels launched concentred attack in western Iraq to  coincide with the release of election result. The election were marked by voting along ethnic and sectarian lines with the Shia religious based United Iraqi Alliance, which includes prime minister Ibrahim Jaafari’s Dawa Party. CONCLUSION   Iraq War has once again proved that there cannot be a military solution to a political problem. Though US Doctrine of Pre-emption has changed world security perspective, it also cautions that war against world opinion can be a disaster. More equipment-intensive future battlefield warrants modernization of the army. It has also proved that the most high–tech war also cannot be bloodless. Several thousands Iraqis were killed and wounded. Lately US loss is also quite significant. A good plan should  also encompass all aspects of war – from the battle itself to the rebuilding phase, where the Armed Forces will be a relevant player. The post conflict  scenario for the army is equally challenging against the insurgence and guerrilla group. The post-war situation in Iraq is frustrating. The political process for the smooth transition to democracy is in question. The reconstruction process is unbearably slow for the people of the war torn country. The on going high intensity of guerrilla war and aggressive counter insurgency operation are aggravating the sufferings of the people further. The peace and stability of Iraq and the region is highly uncertain. The war ravage Iraq is facing a total disorder. Reconstruction of Iraq is now the biggest challenge. The public service are to be restored, supply of food, medicine and other essential commodities are to be ensured. Sufferings of the mass people cannot be reducing at a time but a smooth  political situation will be the first priority to achieve social and economical establishment. RECOMMENDATIONS Political parties should have mutual trust between them. They should come to a same platform on the interest of their country. Soon they should form the coalition government and start reconstructions of war offended country. Various political parties should give the highest priority to their national interest keeping a side their UN ethical interest. They should take help of ether countries to develop their own security force. Government should take to solve the Insurgency problem. Bhatiary ,Chittagong IMTIAZ MAHMUD BIBLIOGRAPHY Books 1.Bruce W. Watson, Military Lessons of the Gulf War, (Lahore: Izharsons Printers, 1992). 2.J C Aggarwal, Golf Crisis : Pre War And post War Scenario,(INDIA : S Chand Company) 3. Robert F Helms,The Persian Gulf Crisis: Power in the post –Cold War World ( London: Wesport, Connecticut.) Journals / Magazines/ Newspaper 4.Daily Star: January, February 2006 5.Burger, Kim, Caught off guard? Jane’s Defence Weekly, October 01, 2003. 6.Elliott, Michael, So, What Went Wrong? Time Magazine, October 06, 2003. 7.Robinson, Simon, Baghdad Today; Progress, Inch by Inch, Time Magazine, October 06, 2003. 8.Ripley, Tim, Mean Streets, Jane’s Defence Weekly, October 15, 2003. Reports 9.Lt Gen T. Michael Moseley, Operation IRAQI FREEDOM-By the Numbers: (Assessment and Analysis Division, USCENTAF, 30 April 2003). Official Document 10.Army Headquarters Project Study Paper by 46 Independent Infantry Brigade, Iraq War A Review, Dhaka, 2003. Web Sites 11.www.bbc.com 12.www.army.com

Human Migration Factors Essay -- essays research papers

Human Migration Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Migration, the movement of people from one place, origin or country to another1. For as long as man can remember migration has been a big part in our lives. People have migrated continuously since their emergence as a species.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The art of migrating is to move from place to place or country to country, to find what we searched for, A suitable environment for our families and us to live in. It is vital for humans to keep on the move or migrating. Many people migrate to different places around the world, like Europe, Africa, The Americas, Australia, and the Soviet Union. Humans migrate because they feel that they need to have stable and suitable environment in which to live in and bring up their families. Pe...